首页> 校园> 正文

AI 时代下重拾文理教育

狄邦KCS中荟校区

2025-06-11 11:23

发布于广东

我要投稿

本文作者江心

<< Swipe Left to English Version

麦肯锡研究

麦肯锡研究预测，到 2030 年，全球约 14%的劳动力，也就是 3.75 亿人，可能需要转换职业。而与工业革命不同的是，人工智能对劳动力市场的冲击，不仅仅是低门槛的劳动力工作，还包括医生、律师、会计师和工程师等传统的高学历白领职业。有硅谷投资人就直言不讳地表示，在未来的三年内，工程师职业将有巨大的变化，能够提供的相关岗位仅限于管理型的岗位。

被质疑的本科教育

与此同时，另一类新闻也占据了无数版面，那就是过去的两三年里，无论是中国还是美国，本科教育都经历了前所未有的质疑：昂贵的学费，宝贵的四年光阴，毕业即失业，它是否还值得每一个高中毕业生憧憬和追求？

*杭州狄邦文理学校

在这样一个巨大的时代变革即将到来的时刻，什么是未来本科教育的走向？我相信文理教育能够给我们一个方向。本科教育不是职业教育，至少不仅仅是职业教育。它包含了更为深刻的人文学习和培养：鼓励批判性思维、形成良好的心智习惯并拓展眼界。用 19 世纪英国著名诗人和教育家马修阿诺德的话来说，文理教育“让学生了解人类历史以来最好的思想和话语“。因此，文理教育是本科教育中最经典的课程体系之一，美国著名的高校几乎在本科前两年都要求所有专业的学生选修文理专业的课程。

Princeton University

普林斯顿大学不仅是世界一流大学，也是在文理教育方面最突出的高校之一。普林斯顿大学的校长 Christopher Eisgruber 长久以来都是文理教育的积极拥护者，在 2024 年新生入学典礼上，他再一次强调了文理教育的重要性，鼓励新生们积极投入到文理教育所带来的 “卓越教育” （Transcendent Education）中。Eisgruber 校长本科毕业于普林斯顿大学的物理专业。

他说：“我选择来到普林斯顿大学攻读本科，因为我希望接受文理教育，它能够让我深刻地学习我感兴趣的多个学科。我主修物理，但是最终极大影响我的学术生涯的是宪法、政治理论和比较文学这些课程。”

*无锡狄邦文理学校

Christopher Eisgruber 本科毕业后被著名的”罗德奖学金“选中，进入牛津大学攻读政治学硕士，其后进入芝加哥大学攻读法学博士，2013 年起担任普林斯顿大学校长。哈佛大学的几位专家和学者，包括经济学家，教育学家政和治经济学家在 2024 年也特别做了一起关于文理教育的讨论。在当今社会，大多数本科生希望的是在本科阶段学习一个专业，培养一个技能，毕业后进入职场。可是大家需要考虑的问题是：

你的本科专业能否为你一生的职业生涯做准备，还是只能准备你毕业后的第一个工作？

当今世界，一个人想要大学毕业后进入一个行业，一直工作到退休的可能性已经微乎其微。尤其在人工智能时代，许多传统的行业目前已经面临危机，很快有被技术取代的风险。本科应该选择什么专业，什么专业有职业发展的潜力，目前没有人可以预测。

文理教育的预测

*成都狄邦肯思学校

然而我们可以预测的是，在这样的背景下，文理教育反而能够更好地为学生的将来做准备，同时将学生自身特长与人工智能进行区隔：因为人工智能的功能是将以往的知识变得触手可及；而文理教育的教学核心是学习如何批判性地思考，如何辨识信息，如何发现问题，以及解决问题的工具，为科技带来它所欠缺的人文观念，这让学生在变化莫测的职场中能够拥有可以普遍适用的工作能力。

*狄邦KCS国际高中（中荟校区）

基于以上信息，人文素养，不应该仅限于将来希望在文科领域深造和工作的学生，它对于传统意义上的理工科学生的能力培养同样重要。人工智能时代下，文理教育的确是“卓越教育“之道。

McKinsey predicts

McKinsey predicts that AI will significantly reshape the job market, leading to 14% of global labor force, which is roughly 375,000,000 world population by 2030. Unlike the industrial revolution, this shift will not only impact blue collar jobs, but also high-paid white-collar professions such as doctors, paralegals, accountants and engineers. Some investors in Silicon Valley even predict that within three to five years, traditional engineers will disappear, with supervision positions remaining at best.

The questioned undergraduate education

Meanwhile, the past three years have seen a heated debate on the value of college education, given the high cost, time commitment and inability to land a job after graduation. The simple question is: is it still worth going to college?

*Hangzhou Dipont School Of Arts And Science

We are at a threshold of a great change. What is the future of college education? What is the college education worth of our pursuit? I believe that liberal arts education will provide us a solution. A recent Bloomberg editorial argued that college education is more than just vocational education. Humanities, in particular, have a higher calling: to encourage critical thinking, form habits of mind, broaden intellectual horizons – to acquaint students with “the best that has been thought and said” in Matthew Arnold’s phrase. Therefore, many higher education institutions require students to take a set of core liberal arts courses, regardless of their major.

Princeton University

Take Princeton University for instance: as a world-class university, a commitment to the liberal arts is at the core of Princeton’s mission. President Christopher L. Eisgruber welcomed incoming students during the annual Opening Exercises ceremony last fall, sharing his hopes that Princeton’s commitment to the liberal arts will provide them with a “transcendent education.”

Eisgruber received his A.B. in physics from Princeton in 1983. He then earned a M.Litt in politics at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, and a J.D. cum laude at the University of Chicago Law School.

*Wuxi Dipont School Of Arts And Science

He once said that the reason why he chose Princeton for his undergraduate study was that it provided him with the opportunity to explore multiple disciplines. While majoring in physics, Eisgruber argued that what influenced him most in his academic career were courses such as constitutional law, political theory and comparative literature.

Last year, the Harvard Gazette published a podcast episode where an economist, an educator, and a philosopher make the case that a liberal arts education is as essential as ever in today’s job market. As the economist David Deming in the podcast said:

What kind of education will prepare you not just for your first job, but for the rest of your life? The conclusion?

A liberal arts education is teaching you not a set of specific competencies in some specific thing, but rather giving you a set of tools to teach you how to think about the next problem over the horizon that we don’t have an answer to now because it hasn’t come around yet.

The prediction of liberal arts education

*Dipont-KCS ChengDu

What is certain for now is the uncertainty of the future. We cannot predict what profession will be the “it” job in five to ten years, but what is certain is that a liberal arts education will equip us with the flexibility to adapt.

*Dipont-KCS International Acdemy

While AI makes past knowledge available at one’s fingertips, liberal arts education train students to creatively think, problem-solve, synthesize information, manage ambiguity, ask questions and come up with new ideas, as Cecilia Gaposchkin, a history professor at Dartmouth College said. It will indeed, provide us with a “transcendent education” that is critical to the future success of us and the society.